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The First Funded

The first known AI-generated credit writeup submitted, approved, and funded through the U.S. SBA 504 program — a 75-year-old institution. Nine months of live trials led to this moment. January 2023.

Historic First SBA 504 · Loan #47353491-02 Trial 9 · January 2023 OpenAI · Disclosed & Approved
U.S. Small Business Administration
U.S. Small Business Administration
Authorization for Debenture Guarantee
SBA 504 Loan Program · Sacramento Loan Processing Center · January 10, 2023
$1.2M
Project Value
75
Year Program
#1
AI-Enabled

The Juan Pollo transaction didn’t arrive from nowhere. It was the product of nine months of systematic, live testing — real commercial transactions, real borrowers, real stakes — conducted quietly across industries throughout 2022. These were not simulations. Each deal was a funded loan, with Indigo Commercial Funding running OpenAI’s API directly inside the underwriting workflow.

Starting in April 2022, a series of SBA 504 transactions became the proving ground for what would become Trial 9 — the Generative AI trial. Thirteen distinct borrower engagements preceded the historic submission, building confidence in the model, refining the workflow, and establishing the human-in-the-loop review standard that made the final step possible.

The OpenAI Trial Transactions
13 preceding deals · Apr 2022 – Jan 2023
01
Xtreme Tint
Apr 19, 2022 · Whittier, CA
CRE · SBA 504
02
Hydro Zen
Apr 21, 2022 · Hemet, CA
CRE · SBA 504
03
Spec Construction
May 27, 2022 · Ontario, CA
CRE · SBA 504
04
CKA Martial Arts
May 31, 2022 · Fontana, CA
CRE · SBA 504
05
H&P Logistics
Jun 13, 2022 · Bellflower, CA
CRE · SBA 504
06
Hacienda Insurance
Jun 30, 2022 · La Puente, CA
CRE · SBA 504
07
Victorious R.E.D.
Jul 20, 2022 · La Mirada, CA
CRE · SBA 504
08
Cortez Tire
Jul 28, 2022 · El Monte, CA
CRE · SBA 504
09
Kayita Sky
Aug 18, 2022 · Los Angeles, CA
CRE · SBA 504
10
HD Carriers
Sep 23, 2022 · Niles, IL
Industrial · SBA 504
11
SSSB 11 Corp
Sep 30, 2022 · Mettler, CA
CRE · SBA 504
12
Tempo Cantina
Oct 14, 2022 · Downey, CA
Restaurant · SBA 504
13
Toynami
Jan 25, 2023 · Carlsbad, CA
Industrial · SBA 504
14 — Historic
Juan Pollo #22
Feb 3, 2023 · Upland, CA
First Funded · AI-Generated

Every transaction in the sequence above ran OpenAI’s API inside a live commercial credit workflow — industry analysis, market context, risk narrative — generated, reviewed, and approved by a licensed credit officer before submission. Juan Pollo was the one that crossed the finish line first: submitted to the SBA, authorized, and sold to a major money center bank.

When Trial 1 ran on April 19, 2022 — Xtreme Tint, Whittier, California — ChatGPT did not exist. The application that would reach 100 million users faster than any product in history would not launch for another seven months. What Indigo Commercial Funding operated with was something more fundamental: direct programmatic access to GPT-3 through OpenAI’s REST API — a tool available only to developers with an API key and the ability to write code against it.

There was no chat interface. No consumer product. A credit officer constructed text prompts, submitted them to the API as single-turn completions, reviewed every output against source documents, and incorporated approved content into institutional credit memoranda. The human-in-the-loop wasn’t a design philosophy adopted for regulatory optics. It was the only available workflow. And the AI authorship was disclosed — in footnote 1, page 10 of the CAM.

ChatGPT launched November 28, 2022. By that date, ten of the thirteen preceding trial transactions had already closed. Juan Pollo was approved six weeks later. The trials that produced the first AI-funded SBA deal in history were conducted almost entirely before the world discovered what these models could do.

Apr 19, 2022
Trial 1 · GPT-3 API Begins
Apr – Oct 2022
Trials 2–12 · Live SBA Deals
Nov 28, 2022
ChatGPT Launches
World Event
Jan 10, 2023
Juan Pollo Funded
Historic First
May 2023
ChatGPT API Adopted

Juan Pollo Mora, Inc. is a minority-owned, family-operated franchisee of the Juan Pollo rotisserie chicken chain — a Southern California institution since 1984. The owner-operators had run their first franchise location (Juan Pollo #22) in Upland since 1994 — nearly three decades in the business. This transaction financed the purchase of a permanent property at 273 East 9th Street in Downtown Upland to relocate and stabilize that location.

The SBA 504 structure brought together three parties: Indigo Commercial Funding providing the senior 1st Trust Deed, AmPac Business Capital (the CDC) funding the SBA debenture, and the borrowers contributing the 10% equity injection from personal savings. Total project cost: $1,236,650. A 25-year, fully amortizing structure for a 2,100 SF freestanding restaurant building — a permanent home for a business that had been leasing for thirty years.

BorrowerEPC / Co-Borrowers (Individual)
Operating Co.Juan Pollo Mora, Inc. (dba Juan Pollo #22)
Property273 East 9th Street, Upland, CA 91786
Property Type2,100 SF Freestanding Restaurant · Downtown Upland
Purchase Price$1,200,000
Senior LenderIndigo Commercial Funding I, LLC
CDCAmPac Tri-State CDC, Inc. (dba AmPac Business Capital)
SBA Loan #47353491-02
Approval DateJanuary 10, 2023
Credit OfficerMatthew Dobson, Chief Credit Officer — Indigo Investment Servicing, LLC

Loan Structure

1st Trust Deed · 50%
Indigo Commercial Funding
$618,325
10.00% · 25yr
SBA Debenture · 40%
AmPac Business Capital
$510,000
4.76% · 25yr
Borrower Equity · 10%
EPC / Borrowers — Personal Cash
$123,665
Cash Injection
Total Project Cost
$1,236,650
The AI Layer — What Was Generated
OpenAI API · Initiated and reviewed by Indigo Investment Servicing, LLC · Disclosed in footnote, page 10 of CAM
Rotisserie chicken restaurant industry description
Hispanic rotisserie chicken restaurant segment
Market size of Hispanic restaurants in Los Angeles
Real estate lending market to restaurants in LA County
Juan Pollo franchise chain description
Risk analysis: lending to a Hispanic restaurant in California
Footnote 1, page 10 of the Credit Analysis Memorandum: “Data and discussion generated using OpenAI. Initiated and reviewed by Indigo Investment Servicing, LLC.” — The AI-generated industry analysis was disclosed directly in the submission document, reviewed and signed off by the Credit Officer, and flowed into the AmPac SLPC eTrans Credit Memorandum submitted to the SBA Sacramento Loan Processing Center.

The credit package included three years of business tax returns, a 10-month interim financial statement, and a two-year forward projection. The operating company — incorporated in December 2019 after nearly 26 years as a sole proprietorship — showed the classic COVID-19 recovery arc: a 2020 loss, a strong 2021 rebound of 24.2% revenue growth, and a continued trajectory into 2022. The key addback in the cash flow analysis was the elimination of non-recurring rent for Juan Pollo #22, which the property purchase permanently removed from the debt service calculation.

Global Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)
1.00x minimum threshold · SBA 504 standard
0.91x
FY 2019
Below
0.61x
FY 2020
COVID
1.03x
FY 2021
Pass
1.18x
2022 YTD
Pass
2.04x
Yr 1 Proj
Projected
2.17x
Yr 2 Proj
Projected

The 2020 DSCR of 0.61x reflected mandatory restaurant closures and the pivot to take-out only operations. The operating company absorbed the disruption without bankruptcy, maintained its customer base, and grew revenues 24.2% in 2021 as restrictions lifted. The key cash flow adjustment: non-recurring rent for Juan Pollo #22 was added back in full, as the property purchase permanently eliminates that lease obligation. A 2% rate shock sensitivity analysis on Year 1 projections yielded 1.86x — well above threshold.

Credit Strengths
Subject property is a 2,100 SF retail-restaurant in San Bernardino County — purpose-built for the operating company’s use, permanent location eliminates lease risk
Franchisee of Juan Pollo — a well-established Southern California brand operating since 1984, with franchise support for marketing, supply chain, and brand recognition
Good standing on all credit accounts; strong and growing revenue trend; sufficient historical cash flow to service debt demonstrated in FY 2021 and 2022
Owner-operators with a documented track record managing the business since 1994 — nearly 29 years of operating history at time of application
Minority-owned small business; qualifies under SBA public policy goals; strong community ties in the Upland and Inland Empire area
Risks & Mitigants
Location relocation risk — operating company is moving approximately 1.4 miles from its existing Upland location. Mitigant: new location in historic Downtown Upland offers superior pedestrian traffic and visibility; owner-operators assess no material customer loss.
Restaurant industry competition — high density of competing operators including Pollo Loco, KFC, Chick-fil-A, Chipotle and independent operators in the Inland Empire. Mitigant: Juan Pollo’s proprietary recipes and 29-year loyal customer base provide differentiation.
Historical sub-1.0x DSCR in 2020 — COVID-19 restrictions drove a 0.61x coverage ratio. Mitigant: business did not fail; revenues held, PPP support was obtained and forgiven, and post-COVID recovery was rapid and sustained.
Environmental — Phase I concern — adjacent property had a dry cleaner from 1980–2009 using perchloroethylene. Mitigant: Phase II ESA by Odic Environmental concluded no further investigation required; approved by Indigo Investment Servicing.
3
Internal Risk Rating · 7-Point Scale
Adequate
Borrowers assigned this rating have average leverage, liquidity, and debt service coverage ratios that compare favorably with industry standards. Investment Committee recommendation: Approve.

The SBA Authorization for Debenture Guarantee is the final stamp of approval in the 504 program — issued by the Sacramento Loan Processing Center after the full credit package has been reviewed. It authorizes the CDC to issue the debenture, specifies all loan terms, and is signed by an authorized SBA representative. For this transaction, that signature came on January 10, 2023.

U.S. Small Business Administration
Authorization for Debenture Guarantee
SBA 504 Loan Program · 504 Wizard 2018 · Santa Ana District Office
SBA Loan Number
47353491-02
Loan Name
Juan Pollo #22
Approval Date
January 10, 2023
Debenture Amount
$510,000
Debenture Term
25 Years
CDC
AmPac Tri-State CDC

Following the precedent set by Google’s open-sourcing of “Attention Is All You Need,” the primary source documents for this historic transaction are available on request. The AI disclosure is in footnote 1 of page 10 of the CAM. The SBA Authorization is the final proof of approval.

Available on Request
Credit Analysis Memorandum

22-page institutional CAM prepared by Indigo Investment Servicing, LLC. Includes the OpenAI disclosure in footnote 1, page 10. Investment committee signatures dated January 16–17, 2023.

Available on Request
SBA Authorization for Debenture Guarantee

15-page U.S. Small Business Administration authorization. SBA Loan #47353491-02. Signed January 10, 2023, by Authorized SBA Representative, Sacramento Loan Processing Center.

The First Funded — First AI-Generated SBA 504 Credit Writeup in History

The first known AI-generated credit writeup submitted, approved, and funded in the 75-year history of the U.S. SBA 504 program. SBA Loan #47353491-02, authorized January 10, 2023. Borrower: Juan Pollo Mora, Inc., Upland, California. Third-party lender: Indigo Commercial Funding I, LLC. CDC: AmPac Tri-State CDC, Inc. (AmPac Business Capital). Project total: $1,236,650. OpenAI API used for industry analysis sections, disclosed in footnote 1 of the Credit Analysis Memorandum prepared by Indigo Investment Servicing, LLC. Preceded by 13 live OpenAI trial transactions from April 2022 through January 2023. AVA Credit Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.